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BETWEEN BORDERS: ESSAYS ON MEXICANA/CHICANA HISTORY. The essays reflect the maturation of
the field in the 1980's. In keeping with the bilingual/bicultural tenor of Chicano
Studies, contributions written in Spanish are presented in their original form, prefaced
with abstracts in English.
By the late 1970s a small group of Chicanas entered the academy in a variety of disciplines and continued a Chicana feminist discourse within academic publishing outlets. Melville’s Twice a Minority (1980) and Magdalena Mora’s and Adelaida R. Del Castillo’s Between Borders remain classic anthologies that document the struggles of Chicanas. Chicana feminist writings contain common threads. They called for a critique of Chicano cultural nationalism, an examination of patriarchal relations, an end to sexist stereotypes of Chicanas, and the need for Chicanas to engage in consciousness-raising activities and collective political mobilization.
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Beginning
in the early 1960s and through the 1980s, the writings by Adelaida Del Castillo,
Marta Cotera, Fran-cisca Flores, Dorinda Moreno, Anna Nieto Gomez, Bernice
Rincon, Enriqueta Longeaux y Vasquez, and others reveal the tensions and
contradictions that they were experiencing as women of color participating in
both a nationalist movement and the larger American society. Chicana feminists
struggled to gain social equality and put an end to sexist and racist
oppression. Like black and Asian-American feminists, Chicana feminists struggled
to gain equal status in a male-dominated movement. Their writings addressed a
variety of specific concerns, including educational inequalities, occupational
segregation, poverty, lack of adequate child care, welfare rights, prison
reform, health care, and reforms in the legal system. They also supported the
right of women to control their own bodies and mobilized around the struggle for
reproductive rights. Chicanas believed that feminism involved more than an
analysis of gender because, as women of color, they were affected by both race
and class in their everyday lives. Chicana feminism, as a social movement to
improve the position of Chicanas in American society, represented a struggle
that was both nationalist and feminist